Shadow plays
Probably one of the oldest methods to keep track of the time of day is to measure the length of a shadow. In doing so, whether the shadow has been cast by buildings, columns, or structures attached to the wall is irrelevant. This method can be reconstructed and refined anywhere, through to foldable, transportable sun dials that are additionally equipped with a compass and adjustable for different latitudes.
Unknown
1710–1740
Hans Tucher "der Ältere" [der II.], Hans Tucher [der III.]
1568
Ludovicus Theodorus Müller
around
1750
Ludovicus Theodorus Müller
around
1750
Unknown
1742
Christian Carl Schindler
1701–1716
Unknown
1777
F Zappeck
1780–1820
Unknown
1701–1800
Paulus Reinman
1588
Unknown
1451–1500
Nicolas Bion
1700–1733